.jpg?x-oss-process=image/resize,p_100/format,webp)
Loading and unloading takes place between logistics organizations and facilities and occurs before and after goods are delivered, inventoried and packaged.fca incoterms It includes the operational behaviors of loading, unloading, sorting and feeding.
The primary means of rationalizing handling is the container pallet. Because the frequency and intensity of loading and unloading is directly related to the size of the logistics cost, so in the logistics program provided by the logistics enterprise, must provide scientific loading and unloading combination design.
The combination of loading and unloading work mode design theory based on the classification of loading and unloading mode.
1. According to the object of logistics facilities and equipment
This method can be divided into warehouse loading and unloading, railroad loading and unloading, port loading and unloading, automobile loading and unloading, aircraft loading and unloading, etc.. Warehouse loading and unloading is with the delivery, storage, maintenance and other activities, to stacking, shelving, picking up and other operations.
(1) Railway loading and unloading refers to the loading and unloading of railroad tracks, i.e., possessing the property to load and unload railroad tracks in one operation.
(2) Port loading and unloading includes loading and unloading at the front of the wharf and supporting loading and unloading at the rear. Some ports also use the "barge" method of loading and unloading between the wharf and the big ship, so the loading and unloading process is more complicated, and it is often necessary to go through a number of loading and unloading and handling operations in order to ultimately realize the purpose of cargo transit between the ship and land.
(3) The loading and unloading of automobiles is generally a loading and unloading of small quantities. Due to the flexibility of our automobiles, can be reduced or simply omitted handling activities, and the direct, simple use of loading and unloading operations did not reach the car and logistics infrastructure development between the existence of goods transition purposes.
According to the loading and unloading and handling of machinery and mechanical operations
(1) Lifting up and down mode
The use of a variety of lifting machinery to lift the goods from above, through the vertical movement of the lifting device to achieve loading and unloading, in the crane operation or rotation range to realize the handling, or through the delivery of vehicles to achieve small handling.
Because the lifting and lowering belong to the vertical movement, so this kind of loading and unloading belongs to the vertical loading and unloading.
(2) Fork-lift method
The forklift is used to lift the goods from the bottom of the goods, and the goods are shifted by the movement of the forklift. The handling is completely by the forklift itself, and the goods can be put to the destination directly without landing in the middle.contract logistics This method has little vertical movement and mainly horizontal movement, which belongs to horizontal loading and unloading mode.
(3) Roll-on roll-off mode
Mainly refers to the port loading and unloading of a standard of living to improve the loading and unloading work mode. The use of forklifts or semi-trailers, automobiles can carry goods, together with the vehicle on board, and then drive down from the ship after arriving at the tourist destination. Roll on roll off way development needs to have a specialized ship, the dock culture also has many different countries requirements, this kind of no specialized ships called roll on roll off ship.
(4) Moving up and down method
This method is docked between two vehicles (such as trains and automobiles), and then use a variety of ways, not to make the goods move vertically, but rely on horizontal movement from one vehicle to another. The up-and-down movement requires horizontal docking of the two vehicles, so a replacement platform or vehicle platform is required in conjunction with a mobile tool for this type of loading and unloading.
(5) Bulk loading and unloading method
Suitable for loading and unloading bulk goods, generally from the renovation to the unloading point, and no longer drop in the middle.cross dock This is a kind of loading and unloading method that integrates loading and unloading handling.
3. According to the characteristics of loading and unloading
Can be divided into continuous loading and unloading and intermittent loading and unloading.
(1) Continuous loading and unloading is mainly the same kind of large quantities of bulk or small pieces of grocery through a continuous conveyor machinery, continuous development and continuous learning to analyze the operation, no pause in the middle, no interval between goods. In the loading and unloading of large quantities, loading and unloading service object enterprises fixed, the cargo trade object is not easy to form a large package of circumstances suitable for the solution of this teaching method.
(2) intermittent loading and unloading has a strong mobility, loading and unloading position can be changed in a wide range. Mainly applies to the flow of goods is not fixed, especially for packaged goods, large goods, bulk cargo can also be used in this way.